多重維生素補充降低8%罹患癌症的風險。降低8%意謂著每年可以解救48,000名美國人免於死亡,只要透過每日服用不昂貴的維生素補充品。(Gaziano JM et al. Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer in men: the Physicians’ Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 2012;308:1871-1880.)
有72%的醫師天使用營養補充品。多重維生素是醫師每日最受歡迎的補充品。(Dickinson A, et al. Physicians and nurses ues and recommend dietary supplements: report of a survey. Nutrition Journal 2009;8:29.)
血液中含有高濃度的維生素B6、甲硫胺酸、及葉酸與降低50%罹患肺癌風險有關。凡血液中含有高濃度的維生素B6、甲硫胺酸、及葉酸的人,不論他們是否吸煙,都可顯助的降低罹患肺癌的風險。(Johansson M, et al. Serum B vitamin levels and risk of lung cancer. JAMA 2010;303:2377-2385.)
維生素D降低罹患癌症風險。在乳癌與結腸直腸癌的研究中發現,增加10ng/ml血液中25(OH) D的度與降低15%罹患結腸直腸癌及11%罹患乳癌風險有關。(Gandini S, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and colorectal, breast and prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma Int J Cancer 2011;128:1414-24.)
維生素D增加乳癌的存活率。診斷為乳癌的婦女血液中具有高濃度的25(OH) D,可增加她們的存活率。而血液中具有低濃度25(OH) D的乳癌婦女,她們的致死率則提升8%。(Vrieling A, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and postmenopausal breast cancer survival; a prospective patient cohort study. Breast Cancer Res 2011;13:R74.)
血液中維生素C濃度的增加可以降低心臟衰竭風險。血液中維生素C濃度每增加20 umol/L,可降低9%因心臟衰竭導致死亡的風險。若每個人的血液中維生素C濃度增加至80 umol/L,在每歐洲每年可減少216,000人因心臟衰竭所造成的死亡。要達到這樣的血液中濃度要每天服用約500mg的維生素C。(Pfister R, et al. Plasma vitamin C predicts incident heart failure in men and women in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk prospective study. Am Heart J 2011;162:246-253.)
維他命C捕獲與逆轉癌症。腫瘤科醫師Victor Marical說:「我們研究罹患第四期癌症的病患,其中40名的病患接受40,000-75,000 mg維生素C靜脈注射,每週數次…除此之外,他們正常飲食與服用其他營養補充品。初期病患身上腫瘤有75%產生縮小反應,閾值設為腫瘤縮小50%或更多。」(Presentation at the Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, April 12, 2010.)
天然維生素E因子減少超過75%的前列腺腫瘤的形成。γ-生育三烯酚是天然維生素E中的一個共同因子,具有擊殺前列腺癌症幹細胞的功能。(Sze Ue Luk1, et al. Gamma-tocotrienol as an effective agent in targeting protate cancer stem cell-like population. Int J Cancer 2001;128:2182-2191.)
γ-生育三烯酚對於對抗已存在的前列腺腫瘤也具有效果。(Nesaretnam K, et al. Modulation of cell growth and apoptosis response in human prostate cancer cells supplemented with tocotrienols. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 2008,110,23-31; see also: Conte C, et al. Gamma-tototrienol metabolism and antiprolifer active effect in prostate cancer cells. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004;1031:391-394.)
維生素E可以降低71歲以上老人24%的死亡率。(Hemila H, et al. Age Ageing 2011;40(2):215-220.)
每天服用300 IU的維生素E可以降低61%罹患肺癌的機率。(Mahabir S, et al. Dietary alpha-,beta-,gamma-and delta-tocopherols in lung cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2008;123(5):1173-1180.)
維他命E可以有效治療動脈粥狀硬化。(受試者每日服用超過100 IU的維生素E補充品,比起每日服用少於100 IU維生素E的受試者而言,具有較少的冠狀動脈損傷。)(Hodis HN, et al. Serial coronary angiographic evidence that antioxidant vitamin intake reduces progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis. JAMA 1995;273:1849-1854.)
每日服用400-800 IU的維生素E可以降低77%心臟病發作的風險。(Stephens NG et al. Randomized controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary artery disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Kancet 1996;347:781-786.)
增加補充維生素E可以預防慢性肺阻塞(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)、肺氣腫(emphysema)、與慢性支氣管炎(chronic bronchitis)。(Agler AH et al. Randomized vitamin E supplementation and risk of chronic lung disease in the Women’s Health Study. American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 18, 2010.)
每日服用800 IU維生素E可以成功治療脂肪肝。(Sanyal AJ, et al. Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalchoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:1675-1685.)
每日服用2000 IU維生素E的阿滋海默患者可以活得更久。(Pavlik VN, et al. Vitamin E use is associated with improved survival in an Alzheimer’s disease cohort. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2009;28(6):536-540; see also; Grundman M. Vitamin E and Alzheimer disease: the basis for additional clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(2):630S-636S.)
癲癇兒童每日服用400 IU維生素E可降低超過60%的癲癇發作。(Ogunmekan AO, et al. Arandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of D-alpha-tocopheryl acetate[Vitamin E], as add-on therapy, for epilepsy in children. Epilepsia 1989;30:84-89.)
維生素E補充品對於預防肌肉萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)有幫助。這是一項重要的發現,哈佛研超過百萬人的10年以上追踪研究。(Wang H, et al. Vitamin E intake and risk of amyotrophiclateral sclerosis: a pooled analysis of data from 5 prospective cohort studies. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173:595-602.)
維他命E治療慢性肝炎的效果優於處方藥物。研究作者說:「好消息是本研究顯示便宜已可獲得的維生素E可以幫助許多這類的患者。」(Sanyal Aj, et al. Pioglitazone, Vitamine E, or placebo for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 2010 May;362:1675-1685.)